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Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CAHs)-toxic co-contaminants in landfill gas-demand urgent biological mitigation strategies. This book synthesizes a decade of research to decode microbial-driven CAHs transformation in landfill cover ecosystems. Integrating field studies, multi-omics analyses, and lab experiments, we reveal: Metabolic interplay between CAHs and methane oxidation, regulating methanotrophic activity; Rhizosphere-enhanced degradation of chlorinated alkanes via adsorption-biotransformation coupling; Degradation pathways for priority pollutants (e.g., chloroform, TCE) under landfill stresses. Critical breakthroughs demonstrate plant-microbe synergies accelerating CAHs detoxification, with applied solutions including immobilized methanotrophic biofilters for sustained TCE removal. Contribution & Value: Establishes a micro-to-ecosystem framework linking CAHs biotransformation to environmental resilience; Delivers adaptable bioremediation strategies for researchers and policymakers; Advances sustainable waste management through biological innovation. To Readers: While rigorous, inherent complexities in microbial systems may lead to oversights. We welcome scholarly feedback to refine this critical discourse.