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Among diverse nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based nanomaterials have encountered generous attention because of their ubiquitous advantages such as photo-stability, nontoxicity, water-solubility, bio-compatibility, eco-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. Unfortunately, the inadequacy of functional groups in graphene-based nanomaterials seriously obstructs the complexing ability with regard to analytes in the field of fluorescent chemosensors. Therefore, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide-based materials were functionalized/modified using organic fluorophores, organic acids, polymers, organic dyes, inorganic nanoparticles, macrocyclic compounds, rotaxanes, DNA, metal oxides, chemodosimeter molecules, etc. They find extensive applications in the field of fluorescence sensing as chemosensors, wherein they either perform as fluorophores or quenchers.